Persyaratan Kualitas Air Minum
Air minum dan persayaratan kualitas air minum itu sangat penting dalam hidup manusia. Agar air minum yang di konsumsi masyarakat tidak menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan perlu ditetapkan persyaratan kesehatan kualitas air minum.
Oleh: Arda Dinata
In SANITARIAN – Air minum dalam Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 492 tentang Persyaratan Kualitas Air Minum, diartikan sebagai air yang melalui proses pengolahan atau tanpa proses pengolahan yang memenuhi syarat kesehatan dan dapat langsung diminum. Adapun, penyelenggaran air minum itu adalah badan usaha milik negara/badan usaha milik daerah, koperasi, badan usaha swasta, usaha perorangan, kelompok masyarakat dan/atau individual yang melakukan penyelenggaraan penyediaan air minum.
Pada konteks ini, setiap penyelenggara air minum wajib menjamin air minum yang diproduksinya aman bagi kesehatan. Bagaimana air minum yang aman bagi kesehatan itu?
Persyaratan Air Minum
Air minum aman bagi kesehatan apabila memenuhi persyaratan fisika, mikrobiologis, kimiawi dan radioaktif yang dimuat dalam parameter wajib dan parameter tambahan sesuai Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 492 tentang Persyaratan Kualitas Air Minum. Parameter wajib itu merupakan yang wajib diikuti dan ditaati oleh seluruh penyelenggara air minum.
Sementara itu, parameter tambahan dapat ditambahkan oleh pemerintah daerah masing-masing. Artinya, pemerintah daerah dapat menetapkan parameter tambahan sesuai dengan kondisi kualitas lingkungan daerah masing-masing dengan mengacu pada parameter tambahan sebagaimana diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 492 tentang Persyaratan Kualitas Air Minum.
Pengawasan Kualitas Air Minum
Untuk menjaga kualitas air minum yang dikonsumsi masyarakat dilakukan pengawasan kualitas air minum secara eksternal dan secara internal. Pengawasan kualitas air secara eksternal merupakan pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh dinas kesehatan kabupaten/kota atau oleh kantor kesehatan pelabuhan (KKP) khusus untuk wilayah kerja yang ada di pelabuhan.
Adapun untuk pengawasan kualitas air minum secara internal merupakan aktivitas pengawasan yang dilaksanakan sendiri oleh penyelenggara air minum untuk menjamin kualitas air minum yang diproduksi itu memenuhi syarat yang telah ditetapkan. Materi kegiatan pengawasan kualitas air minum meliputi: inspeksi sanitasi, pengambilan sampel air, pengujian kualitas air, analisis hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium, rekomendasi dan tindak lanjut.
Untuk itu, dalam rangka pembinaan dan pengawasan, Menteri Kesehatan dan Kepala BPOM dapat memerintahkan produsen untuk menarik produk air minum dari peredaran. Atau melarang pendistribusian air minum di wilayah tertentu yang tidak memenuhi persyaratan yang berlaku. Terkait ini, pemerintah atau pemerintah daerah sesuai kewenangannya memberikan sanksi administratif kepada penyelenggara air minum yang tidak memenuhi persyaratan.
Berikut ini lampiran Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 492/Menkes/Per/IV/2010 tentang Persyaratan Kualitas Air Minum. Baik parameter wajib dan parameter tambahan.
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