Pengembangan Profesi

Pegangan Profesi Sanitarian

Pegangan profesi Sanitarian. Secara umum ada tiga aturan hukum yang dijadikan pegangan dalam menjalankan profesi sebagai Sanitarian, di mana pun seorang Sanitarian itu bekerja, yaitu:

Oleh: Arda Dinata

In SANITARIAN – Sanitarian ialah jenis tenaga kesehatan yang mengabdikan diri dalam bidang kesehatan serta memiliki pengetahuan dan/atau ketrampilan melalui upaya pendidikan di bidang kesehatan lingkungan yang untuk jenis tertentu memerlukan kewenangan untuk melakukan upaya kesehatan. Berdasarkan batasan ini, maka seorang Sanitarian itu harus memahami standar kompetensi akan profesinya.

Paling tidak, secara umum ada tiga aturan hukum yang dijadikan pegangan dalam menjalankan profesi sebagai Sanitarian. Tiga aturan ini tidak mengenal tempat di mana profesi Sanitarian itu bekerja.

Arti lainnya, tiga aturan tersebut berlaku umum, sedangkan untuk pelaksanaan teknis yang disesuaikan dengan tempat kerja, misalnya: puskesmas, rumah sakit, kantor kesehatan pelabuhan, hotel, pabrik/industri, pasar, supermarket, dan lainnya, maka para Sanitarian harus membaca lagi aturan lain yang telah ditetapkan sesuai jenis tempat kerjanya.

Berikut ini, tiga aturan secara umum yang patut Sanitarian pahami betul, agar dalam menjalankan pekerjaannya mendapat kemudahan dan kesuksesan, yaitu:

  • Peraturan Pemerintah RI No. 66  Tahun 2014. tentang Kesehatan Lingkungan. Aturan ini lahir atas pertimbangan bahwa untuk melaksanakan ketentuan Pasal 163 UU No. 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan, maka perlu menetapkan Peraturan Pemerintah tentang Kesehatan Lingkungan. Inilah pegangan profesi Sanitarian yang pertama.

Kesehatan lingkungan disebutkan sebagai upaya pencegahan penyakit dan/atau gangguan kesehatan dari faktor risiko lingkungan untuk mewujudkan kualitas lingkungan yang sehat. Kualitas lingkungan yang sehat itu, meliputi aspek fisik, kimia, biologi, maupun sosial, yang memungkinkan setiap orang mencapai derajat kesehatan yang setinggi-tingginya.

Untuk mewujudkan lingkungan yang sehat diperlukan standar baku mutu kesehatan lingkungan dan persyaratan kesehatan terhadap media lingkungan (air, udara, tanah, pangan, sarana dan bangunan, serta vektor dan binatang pembawa penyakit). Termasuk juga pengaturan yang mengharuskan penyelenggaraan upaya kesehatan lingkungan yang meliputi penyehatan, pengamanan, dan pengendalian faktor risiko lingkungan, termasuk pengaturan tentang proses pengolahan limbah.

SKKNI sanitasi lingkungan (Sanitarian) adalah uraian kemampuan yang mencakup pengetahuan, ketrampilan, dan sikap kerja minimal yang harus dimiliki seorang Sanitarian untuk melakukan pekerjaan dan tugasnya atau menduduki jabatan tertentu yang berlaku secara nasional.

Tujuan utama dari SKKNI Sanitarian itu sejalan dengan tujuan PP No. 66 Tahun 2014 tentang Kesehatan Lingkungan, yaitu untuk mewujudkan kualitas lingkungan yang sehat, baik dari aspek fisik, kimia, biologi maupun sosial dalam upaya pencegahan penyakit dan/atau gangguan kesehatan dari faktor risiko lingkungan.

Namun, kehadiran SKKNI sanitasi lingkungan ini, tentu menjadi pedoman bagi para tenaga Sanitarian dalam memasuki dunia kerja. Tepatnya, kompetensi seperti apa saja yang harus dimiliki dan disiapkan untuk memenangkan pekerjaan dalam bidang sanitasi lingkungan.

  • Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan RI No. HK.01.07/MENKES/4788/2021 tentang Standar Profesi Tenaga Sanitasi Lingkungan. Aturan ini lahir didasarkan untuk melaksankan Pasal 66 ayat (2) UU No. 36 Tahun 2014 tentang Tenaga Kesehatan, perlu menetapkan aturan tentang standar profesi tenaga sanitasi lingkungan. Inilah pegangan profesi Sanitarian yang ketiga.

Maksud dari keputusan menteri kesehatan tersebut, adalah sebagai pedoman bagi tenaga Sanitarian dalam memberikan pelayanan sanitasi lingkungan yang terukur, terstandar, dan berkualitas di permukiman, fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, fasilitas umum, tempat kerja dan tempat rekreasi. Selanjutnya, aturan ini dimaksudkan agar tersusunnya standar kompentensi tenaga sanitasi lingkungan sebagai bagian Standar Profesi Sanitarian.

Adapun tujuan dari aturan keputusan menteri kesehatan tersebut, yaitu sebagai referensi dalam:

  1. Penyusunan kewenangan tenaga sanitasi lingkungan untuk menjalankan praktik.
  2. Penyusunan kurikulum pendidikan tenaga sanitasi lingkungan.
  3. Penyelenggaraan program pengembangan keprofesian berkelanjutan tenaga sanitasi lingkungan.

Arda Dinata

*Arda Dinata, adalah kolomnis tetap di Sanitarian Indonesia (https://insanitarian.com). Aktivitas hariannya sebagai peneliti, sanitarian, dan penanggungjawab Laboratorium Kesehatan Lingkungan, tinggal di Pangandaran.

7 komentar pada “Pegangan Profesi Sanitarian

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