Vaksin, Komunikasi, dan Risiko Kesehatan
Ada lima pilar untuk memperkuat komunikasi risiko kedaruratan kesehatan. Pertama, struktur yang berkelanjutan, terdiri dari unit komunikasi risiko; rencana aksi untuk komunikasi risiko; anggaran khusus untuk kesiapsiagaan dan respons; dan peningkatan kapasitas yang terlembagakan dan berkelanjutan.
Kedua, adanya kemitraan. Yakni, satuan tugas nasional dengan mitra (lintas sektor dan lintas program); berbagi sumber daya yang terkoordinasi; SOP komunikasi yang terkoordinasi dan berfungsi saat keadaan darurat.
Ketiga, penguatan komunikasi publik. Langkahnya berupa sosialisasi untuk meningkatan kepekaan media terhadap kondisi kedaruratan kesehatan masyarakat; bermitra dengan media; pelatihan juru bicara kegawatdaruratan; dan SOP komunikasi publik saat kegawatdaruratan.
Keempat, pelibatan masyarakat. Bentuknya berupa pelibatan tokoh masyarakat atau orang yang berpengaruh di masyarakat; peningkatan kapasitas komunikasi risiko bagi petugas kesehatan yang berada di garda terdepan; dan adanya sistem untuk bermitra dengan masyarakat saat kegawatdaruratan.
Kelima, mendengarkan. Di sini, perlu pengembangan sistem pemantauan komunikasi untuk mendeteksi kebutuhan informasi/berita maupun informasi tentang rumor atau hoaks; merencanakan manajemen rumor, termasuk media sosial; serta mengembangkan kapasitas dan sumber daya untuk melawan hoaks.
Akhirnya, apapun strategi komunikasi risiko yang diambil pemerintah haruslah fokus untuk mengatasi Covid-19. Dalam bahasa Russell dan Greenwood, cara efektif untuk mengembalikan kehidupan normal ialah vaksin Covid-19 yang mencegah penyakit, infeksi tanpa gejala, dan menghentikan penularan. Namun, ketika pasokan vaksin tidak dapat memenuhi permintaan, keputusan tentang siapa yang akan divaksinasi harus dibuat secara adil sesuai sifat vaksin dan apa yang diinginkan. Apakah mengurangi keparahan penyakit, pemutusan penularan, atau keduanya?***
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