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Bagaimana Mendaur Ulang Sampah?

Bagaimana mendaur ulang sampah? Mendaur ulang memang suatu hal yang sekarang ini harus lebih giat kita lakukan. Kalau tidak, masalah sampah seperti yang terjadi di tempat pembuangan sampah (TPST) Bojong, Bogor beberapa waktu lalu, akan terus terjadi di kota-kota yang berpenduduk padat.

Oleh: Arda Dinata

In SANITARIANCoba teman-teman lihat benda-benda yang ada di sekitar kita. Misalnya, di gudang rumah, halaman atau lingkungan sekitar rumah. Mungkin banyak ya barang-barang yang sudah tak terpakai dan dibiarkan menumpuk begitu saja? Barang-barang yang sudah tak terpakai ini, umumnya kita sebut sampah dan dibuang begitu saja. Bentuknya bisa beragam, mulai dari sampah dapur, kertas, kaleng, botol-botol plastik atau kaca. Lantas, mengapa kita tidak mendaur ulang sampah tersebut?

Mendaur ulang memang suatu hal yang sekarang ini harus lebih giat kita lakukan. Kalau tidak, masalah sampah seperti yang terjadi di tempat pembuangan sampah (TPST) Bojong, Bogor beberapa waktu lalu, akan terus terjadi di kota-kota yang berpenduduk padat. Lagian, dengan kerja daur ulang itu sampah-sampah tidak akan dibuang tanpa termanfaatkan.

Mungkin banyak ya barang-barang yang sudah tak terpakai dan dibiarkan menumpuk begitu saja? Barang-barang yang sudah tak terpakai ini, umumnya kita sebut sampah dan dibuang begitu saja. Bentuknya bisa beragam, mulai dari sampah dapur, kertas, kaleng, botol-botol plastik atau kaca. Lantas, mengapa kita tidak mendaur ulang sampah tersebut?

Coba temen-temen bayangkan? Kalau kita tidak mendaur ulang, sampah yang menumpuk akan dibakar dan itu menimbulkan asap yang mencemari udara. Sama halnya bila dibiarkan menumpuk begitu saja di Tempat Pembuangan Akhir sampah. Sementara kalau dikubur, sampah yang jumlahnya berton-ton setiap harinya bakal mencemari persediaan air bersih dalam tanah dan tanah itu sendiri.

Apalagi, temen-temen tahu bahwa sebagian besar sampah modern memang tidak bisa membusuk namun tetap utuh sampai bertahun-tahun lamanya. Sehingga dengan mendaur ulang berarti kita bisa mengurangi sampah yang dibuang. Itu berarti, kita sudah membantu mengurangi polusi dan menyelamatkan tanah. Hebat bukan?

Umumnya, sampah bisa kita bagi menjadi dua, yaitu sampah organik dan anorganik. Sampah dapur umumnya tergolong sampah organik. Maksudnya, sampah yang masih bisa diurai seperti kulit telur, kulit bawang atau batang-batang sayuran yang tak ikut dimasak. Sementara, sampah anorganik adalah sampah yang tak bisa diurai. Contohnya ya itu tadi, botol kaca atau plastik, styroform dan kaleng-kaleng bekas beragam wadah.

Tahukah kamu? Walaupun berbeda, kedua jenis sampah itu bisa lho kita daur ulang. Maksudnya, kita masih dapat mengubah sisa-sisa barang atau sampah menjadi sesuatu yang berguna. Daur ulang itu sendiri berarti memanfaatkan kembali suatu barang secara berulang-ulang. Mau tahu bagaimana cara kita mendaur ulang sampah-sampah yang ada di rumah dan lingkungan sekitar kita?

Pertama sekali kita harus memisahkan antara sampah kering dengan sampah yang basah. Sampah yang basah atau lembab semacam kulit buah atau sayuran bisa kita kumpulkan dalam satu lubang di sudut halaman rumah. Dengan mendiamkannya selama lebih kurang 2-3 bulan tanpa kena sinar matahari langsung, kelak kita bakal mendapatkan kompos yang baik. Tapi jangan lupa, setiap seminggu sekali sampah-sampah itu mesti kita aduk-aduk dengan menggunakan alat seperti sekop tanah atau garpu tanah.

Kompos yang sudah jadi bisa kita manfaatkan untuk membantu menumbuh suburkan tanaman kesayangan kita. Buah-buahan atau sayuran yang dihasilkan dari tanaman dengan pemberian pupuk kompos akan lebih sehat untuk kita konsumsi karena tidak mengandung bahan kimia.

Sampah-sampah kering bisa kita pilah-pilah lebih dulu sesuai jenis bahannya: plastik, kaca, kaleng atau kertas. Barang-barang plastik bisa kembali didaur ulang menjadi bermacam-macam benda termasuk pakaian yang biasa kita pakai.

Sementara barang yang terbuat dari kaca dapat diremukkan untuk kemudian dijadikan botol-botol baru yang kinclong kilapnya. Begitu juga dengan benda-benda kaleng. Kaleng-kaleng bekas dilebur dan dibuat barang baru. Sendok, garpu bahkan sepeda pun adalah hasil leburan kaleng-kaleng bekas.

Untuk kertas, kita bisa mendaur ulangnya kembali dengan cara sederhana di rumah. Bukankah saat ini, banyak surat kabar yang terbuat dari kertas yang sudah didaur ulang lho. Jadi lebih bernilai bukan?***

Arda Dinata

*Arda Dinata, adalah kolomnis tetap di Sanitarian Indonesia (https://insanitarian.com). Aktivitas hariannya sebagai peneliti, sanitarian, dan penanggungjawab Laboratorium Kesehatan Lingkungan, tinggal di Pangandaran.

6 komentar pada “Bagaimana Mendaur Ulang Sampah?

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