Kulit Tangan, Desinfektan, dan Hand Sanitizer
| Grup Kimia | Contoh | Mekanisme aksi |
| Alkohol | Etanol (C 2 H 6 O) Iso-propanol (C 3 H 8 O) | Denaturasi protein pada membran plasma |
| senyawa klorin | Hipoklorit ( ClO ) (misalnya, Natrium hipoklorit) Klorin dioksida (ClO2) Kloramin-t trihidrat (C7H7ClNNaO2S) | Halogenasi/oksidasi protein seluler |
| senyawa yodium | Povidone-iodine (polivinilpirolidon dengan yodium) | Yodium dapat dengan mudah menembus membran sel patogen Diikuti dengan menyerang protein vital, nukleotida dan asam lemak sel |
| Senyawa amonium kuarterner | Benzalkonium klorida, termasuk alkil dimetil benzil amonium klorida (C 22 H 40 N + ), Benzil dimetil oktil amonium Klorida (C 17 H 30 ClN), Didecyl dimetil amonium klorida (C 22 H 48 ClN). | Tegangan permukaan lebih rendah Inaktivasi enzim Degradasi protein sel |
| Peroksigen | Hidrogen peroksida (H 2 O 2 ) Asam perasetat (PAA) (C 2 H 4 O 3) | Oksidasi radikal bebas dari komponen sel penting |
| (Bis) fenol | Triclosan | Menembus bilayer sitoplasma |
| Biguanida | Klorheksidin | Interaksi ionik Mengganggu membran sel |
*Arda Dinata, adalah kolomnis tetap di Sanitarian Indonesia (https://insanitarian.com). Aktivitas hariannya sebagai peneliti, sanitarian, dan penanggungjawab Laboratorium Kesehatan Lingkungan, tinggal di Pangandaran.
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Daftar Pustaka
Blaney, D. D. et al. (2011) ‘Use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers as a risk factor for norovirus outbreaks in long-term care facilities in northern New England: December 2006 to March 2007.’, American journal of infection control, 39(4), pp. 296–301. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2010.10.010.
Chiller, K., Selkin, B. A. and Murakawa, G. J. (2001) ‘Skin Microflora and Bacterial Infections of the Skin’, Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings, 6(3), pp. 170–174. doi: 10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.00043.x.
Cogen, A. L., Nizet, V. and Gallo, R. L. (2008) ‘Skin microbiota: a source of disease or defence?’, British Journal of Dermatology, 158(3), pp. 442–455. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2008.08437.x.
Gold, N. A., Mirza, T. M. and Avva, U. (2022) Alcohol Sanitizer, StatPearls. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30020626.
Gould, D. J. et al. (2017) ‘Interventions to improve hand hygiene compliance in patient care.’, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 9, p. CD005186. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005186.pub4.
Jing, J. L. J., Pei Yi, T., Bose, Rajendran J C, et al. (2020) ‘Hand Sanitizers: A Review on Formulation Aspects, Adverse Effects, and Regulations.’, International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(9). doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093326.
Jing, J. L. J., Pei Yi, T., Bose, Rajendran J. C., et al. (2020) ‘Hand Sanitizers: A Review on Formulation Aspects, Adverse Effects, and Regulations’, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), p. 3326. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093326.
Liu, P. et al. (2013) ‘Laboratory evidence of norwalk virus contamination on the hands of infected individuals.’, Applied and environmental microbiology, 79(24), pp. 7875–81. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02576-13.
Di Muzio, M. et al. (no date) ‘Hand hygiene in preventing nosocomial infections:a nursing research.’, Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita, 27(2), pp. 485–91. doi: 10.7416/ai.2015.2035.
Oughton, M. T. et al. (2009) ‘Hand hygiene with soap and water is superior to alcohol rub and antiseptic wipes for removal of Clostridium difficile.’, Infection control and hospital epidemiology, 30(10), pp. 939–44. doi: 10.1086/605322.
Tamimi, A. H. et al. (2015) ‘Impact of the use of an alcohol-based hand sanitizer in the home on reduction in probability of infection by respiratory and enteric viruses.’, Epidemiology and infection, 143(15), pp. 3335–41. doi: 10.1017/S0950268815000035.
Wickett, R. R. and Visscher, M. O. (2006) ‘Structure and function of the epidermal barrier’, American Journal of Infection Control, 34(10), pp. S98–S110. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2006.05.295.

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